The JCI Scholar program was established with the goal of mentoring young physician-scientists on the art and science of peer review and scientific editorship. While simultaneous training in basic research and clinical reasoning serves as the foundation of a young physician-scientist’s career, peer review and editorial decision making around submitted scientific work are not often a focus of physician-scientist training. These processes remain enigmatic to many physician-scientists in training. The program seeks to benefit trainees as they design their scientific pursuits by providing a behind-the-scenes look at peer review—being a “Drosophila on the wall” during conversations among editorial board members as they evaluate the merit of scientific and clinical research, then taking a more active role in assisting on manuscript reviews and editorial decisions. Throughout our tenure as JCI Scholars, we have had the privilege of serving as reviewers and editors in training, mentored by physician-scientists who are pioneers in their respective fields. Here, we hope to share a few of our experiences with the aim of educating and motivating other young physician-scientists and their mentors.